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Celerity BBS) also used a similar interface. This includes the Unix "talk" command line program, which was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s. The first dedicated online chat service was the CompuServe CB Simulator in 1980, created by CompuServe executive Alexander "Sandy" Trevor in Columbus, Ohio.Įarly instant messaging programs were primarily real-time text, where characters appeared as it is typed. During the bulletin board system (BBS) phenomenon that peaked during the 1980s, some systems incorporated chat features which were similar to instant messaging Freelancin' Roundtable was one prime example. The Zephyr Notification Service (still in use at some institutions) was invented at MIT's Project Athena in the 1980s to allow service providers to locate and send messages to users. talk, ntalk and ytalk), while others required peers to connect to a server (see talker and IRC). Some of these used a peer-to-peer protocol (e.g. As networks developed, the protocols spread with the networks. Initially, some of these systems were used as notification systems for services like printing, but quickly were used to facilitate communication with other users logged in to the same machine. Instant messaging predates the Internet, first appearing on multi-user operating systems like Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) and Multiplexed Information and Computing Service ( Multics) in the mid-1960s. HistoryĬommand-line Unix " talk", using a split screen user interface, was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s. Instant messages are often logged in a local message history, making it similar to the persistent nature of emails. It is usually possible to save a text conversation for later reference. Many client programs allow file transfers, although they are usually limited in the permissible file-size.
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For example, users may see each other via webcams, or talk directly for free over the Internet using a microphone and headphones or loudspeakers. In many cases, instant messaging includes added features which can make it even more popular. However IM is basically not necessarily supported by transaction control. IM allows effective and efficient communication, allowing immediate receipt of acknowledgment or reply.
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Some systems permit messages to be sent to users not then 'logged on' ( offline messages), thus removing some differences between IM and email (often done by sending the message to the associated email account). Of importance is that online chat and instant messaging differ from other technologies such as email due to the perceived quasi- synchronicity of the communications by the users. Instant messaging (IM) is a set of communication technologies used for text-based communication between two or more participants over the Internet or other types of networks. Online 'chat' includes web-based applications that allow communication between (often directly addressed, but anonymous) users in a multi-user environment. IM is distinct from chat in that IM is based on clients that facilitate connections between specified known users (often using a contact list, buddy list, or friend list).
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All of these fluids are extremely harmful to your eyes and skin so it is important to protect yourself.Instant messaging (IM) falls under the umbrella term online chat, since it is also text-based, bi-directionally exchanged, and happens in real-time. You never know what could be dripping down from the engine, battery acid, engine coolant, brake fluid, etc. We recommend wearing safety glasses whenever you are working under your S60.
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If it isn't printed on the oil cap, check your owners manual for the exact type before adding new oil. Most Volvos have the oil type printed on the oil cap - it will likely be 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30 or 10W-40. If your S60 is too low to the ground to access your drain plug and oil filter, be sure to use jack stands and safe jacking procedures before getting under your S60. If you can't do this, see our parts page to find a Volvo S60 oil filter wrench. For most Volvos, you can wrap an old belt around the oil filter and unscrew it by hand. This video shows you the location of your oil drain plug, oil filter, oil fill cap and dipstick in addition to the steps needed to change the oil and filter in your S60. Most importantly, you get a chance to look around under your S60 for potential trouble spots. When you change your own oil, you know that you are putting quality oil in your S60 and that the filter is being changed too.
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This video shows you how to change the oil and oil filter in your 2012 Volvo S60.